山东兖州煤矿区侏罗纪红层孔隙测试及其影响因素分析     

吴恩江  韩宝平  王桂梁  彭子成  刘桂建 《高校地质学报》2005,11(3):442-452

在山东兖州煤矿区,侏罗纪红层含有较为丰富的地下水,赋水空间以孔隙为主。综合利用宏观岩芯观察和微观形态分析对红层的孔隙类型进行了较为详细地论述,主要有粒间溶蚀扩大孔隙、粒间缩小孔隙、胶结物溶蚀孔、粒内孔隙和晶间孔隙。指出岩石颗粒组分、颗粒分选磨圆程度、胶结方式及胶结程度等是影响红层中孔隙发育的主要因素,对照扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察和压汞试验曲线对它们的影响方式和程度作了详细的论述。通过对比具近似孔隙率岩样的压汞测试结果,认为相同孔隙率的岩样可具有不同的孔隙结构形态,结构形态对赋水性能具有决定作用,孔隙结构形态的差异决定了红层储水空间内在结构特征的不同。  相似文献   

小波分解与重构在地震活动性研究中的应用     

敬少群  王佳卫 《地震》2007,27(2):46-52

利用小波变换具有的多分辨率特点, 将时域信号通过小波分解与重构, 分解到不同的频带上。 分解步长的确定, 采用不同尺度近似信号标准差变化平缓段的最小尺度值, 从而避免了人为选择分解阶数可能造成的不完全分解或过度分解。 分解后的信号不仅在频率成分上较单一, 且平稳性较好。 然后对小波分解重构后不同尺度的信号分别采用自回归滑动平均混合模型进行预测, 再合成原始信号的预测值。 对半年尺度的最大震级序列和地震总释放能量序列的一步预测, 结果表明这样做有效地提高了预测精度, 一步预测结果与实际观测结果不仅相关性高, 而且两者的残差曲线离散性小, 以此对未来地震形势的判断较目前常用的方法更为可靠。  相似文献   

江苏三次不同量级降雪过程的对比分析          下载免费PDF全文

王喜  张玲  郑炜  杨梦兮 《中低纬山地气象》2021,45(3):9-17

利用常规观测资料和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,通过对发生在江苏的三次不同量级的区域性暴雪、大雪和中雪过程典型个例进行对比分析,发现降雪时,700hPa低空急流的位置和强度是影响降雪量级的主要因素之一;降雪区上空涡度的垂直分布遵循低层负涡度、中层正涡度和高层负涡度的配置,暴雪时正涡度强且正涡度区最为深厚,动力抬升作用强,中雪发生时正涡度区相对最为浅薄,不利于形成强辐合抬升,动力抬升作用弱。且暴雪和大雪发生时基本上整层都为垂直螺旋度正值区,中雪时没有出现明显的正值区;暴雪和大雪过程时中低层都具有明显的逆温层,中高层西南急流造成的对流层中层的爆发性增温是逆温层形成的关键,中雪发生时不一定有逆温层结;降雪强度与湿位涡分量绝对值存在一定的正相关关系。  相似文献   

Revision of the amplitude-distance relation for local magnitude estimation in Italy     

A. Di Sanza  R. Console 《Journal of Seismology》2002,6(1):87-97

Maximum amplitude observations of local and regional seismic phases(S _g and L _g, with 800 km) recorded by stations of the I.N.G.National Seismological Network in the period 1994–1999 have beenused to investigate the attenuation of such phases in Italy. The propagationmodel adopted herein accounts for both geometrical spreading, with a termdepending on a given power of distance, and inelastic absorption of themedium, with a term depending exponentially on the distance. Fitting theparameters of the model with experimental data, we considered two cases:assuming a quality factor Q proportional to the frequency f orindependent of f. We compared our results with the values tabled byRichter in 1935, which are still used for the local magnitude estimate in theI.N.G. bulletins. The values found in this study are different than thosegiven by Richter. This suggests that these new values should be used insteadto compute the local magnitude in Italy.  相似文献   

Transfrontier macroseismic observations of the Ml = 5.4 earthquake of February 22, 2003 at Rambervillers,France     

Michel?CaraEmail author  Wolfgang?Brüstle  Monika?Gisler  Philipp?K?stli  Christophe?Sira  Claire?Weihermüller  Jér?me?Lambert 《Journal of Seismology》2005,9(3):317-328

The 2003 Ml = 5.4 Rambervillers earthquake, north-east of France, is the largest seismic event recorded north of the Alps since the 1992 Ms = 5.3, I₀ = VII, Roermond earthquake, Netherlands. With a maximum macroseismic intensity of VI-VII EMS-98, the 2003 event was broadly felt to a distance of 300 km from the epicentre. It provides a unique opportunity to test and compare the different procedures used in France, Germany and Switzerland when evaluating macroseismic intensities. The main purpose of this paper is to present a common transfrontier macroseismic map based on the EMS-98 intensity scale. Maximum horizontal accelerations recorded in the area are compared to the intensity values, and we propose to use a differential technique to re-estimate the magnitude of the 1682 Remiremont, I₀ = VIII, earthquake, which occurred 40 km south of Rambervillers.  相似文献   

Relationships Between Fundamental Seismic Hazard Parameters for the Different Source Regions in Turkey     

Yusuf?BayrakEmail author  Ahmet?Yilmaztürk  Serkan??ztürk 《Natural Hazards》2005,36(3):445-462

Turkey has been divided into eight different seismic regions taking into consideration the tectonic environments and epicenters of the earthquakes to examine relationships of the modal values (a/b), the expected maximum magnitudes (M_max) and the maximum intensities (I_max). For this purpose, the earthquakes for the time period 1900–1992 from the Global Hypocenter Data Base CD-ROM prepared by USGS, and for the time period 1993–2001 from the PDE data and IRIS data are used. Concerning the relationships developed between different magnitude scales and between surface wave magnitudes (M_S) and intensity for different source regions in Turkey, we have constructed a uniform catalog of M_S. We have estimated the values of M_max and I_max using the Gumbel III asymptotic distribution. Highest a-values are observed in the Aegean region and the lowest b-values are estimated for the North Anatolian Fault. Maximum values of a/b, M_max and I_max are related to the eastern and western part of the North Anatolian Fault and the Aegean Arc. The lowest values of all parameters are observed near the Mid Anatolian Fault system. Linear relationships have been calculated between a/b, M_max and I_max using orthogonal regression. If one of the three parameters is computed, two other parameters can be calculated empirically using these linear relationships. Hazard maps of M_max and I_max values are produced using these relationships for a grid of equally spaced points at 1°. It is observed that the maps produced empirically may be used as a measure of seismic hazard in Turkey.  相似文献   

Estimation of the Maximum Earthquake Magnitude, <Emphasis Type="Italic">m</Emphasis><Subscript>max</Subscript>   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Andrzej?KijkoEmail author 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2004,161(8):1655-1681

This paper provides a generic equation for the evaluation of the maximum earthquake magnitude m_max for a given seismogenic zone or entire region. The equation is capable of generating solutions in different forms, depending on the assumptions of the statistical distribution model and/or the available information regarding past seismicity. It includes the cases (i) when earthquake magnitudes are distributed according to the doubly-truncated Gutenberg-Richter relation, (ii) when the empirical magnitude distribution deviates moderately from the Gutenberg-Richter relation, and (iii) when no specific type of magnitude distribution is assumed. Both synthetic, Monte-Carlo simulated seismic event catalogues, and actual data from Southern California, are used to demonstrate the procedures given for the evaluation of m_max.The three estimates of m_max for Southern California, obtained by the three procedures mentioned above, are respectively: 8.32 ± 0.43, 8.31 ± 0.42 and 8.34 ± 0.45. All three estimates are nearly identical, although higher than the value 7.99 obtained by Field et al. (1999). In general, since the third procedure is non-parametric and does not require specification of the functional form of the magnitude distribution, its estimate of the maximum earthquake magnitude m_max is considered more reliable than the other two which are based on the Gutenberg-Richter relation.  相似文献   

Defining a model of 3D seismogenic sources for Seismic Hazard Assessment applications: The case of central Apennines (Italy)   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Paolo Boncio  Giusy Lavecchia  Bruno Pace 《Journal of Seismology》2004,8(3):407-425

Geology-based methods for Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA) have been developing in Italy. These methods require information on the geometric, kinematic and energetic parameters of the major seismogenic faults. In this paper, we define a model of 3D seismogenic sources in the central Apennines of Italy. Our approach is mainly structural-seismotectonic: we integrate surface geology data (trace of active faults, i.e. 2D features) with seismicity and subsurface geological–geophysical data (3D approach). A fundamental step is to fix constraints on the thickness of the seismogenic layer and deep geometry of faults: we use constraints from the depth distribution of aftershock zones and background seismicity; we also use information on the structural style of the extensional deformation at crustal scale (mainly from seismic reflection data), as well as on the strength and behaviour (brittle versus plastic) of the crust by rheological profiling. Geological observations allow us to define a segmentation model consisting of major fault structures separated by first-order (kilometric scale) structural-geometric complexities considered as likely barriers to the propagation of major earthquake ruptures. Once defined the 3D fault features and the segmentation model, the step onward is the computation of the maximum magnitude of the expected earthquake (M _max). We compare three different estimates of M _max: (1) from association of past earthquakes to faults; (2) from 3D fault geometry and (3) from geometrical estimate corrected by earthquake scaling laws. By integrating all the data, we define a model of seismogenic sources (seismogenic boxes), which can be directly used for regional-scale PSHA. Preliminary applications of PSHA indicate that the 3D approach may allow to hazard scenarios more realistic than those previously proposed.  相似文献   

杨家岭1~#滑坡稳定性影响因素及敏感性分析   总被引：18，自引：2，他引：16  

姚爱军易武  王尚庆 《工程地质学报》2004,12(4):390-395

杨家岭滑坡区地质条件复杂 ,且严重影响了 2 0 9国道的正常使用 ,本文研究了影响该滑坡稳定性的各类因素及滑坡稳态对这些因素的敏感性问题。研究表明 ,滑坡的稳定性受多种因素影响 ,主要包括滑坡岩土体容重、滑带的c、值、滑体的c、值、滑坡内地下水的动态和地震作用等等 ,其中滑带的抗剪强度指标c、值、地下水作用和地震作用是滑坡稳态的最敏感因素 ,甚至成为诱发因素。文中还通过研究滑坡坡面加固力的大小、方位与稳定系数的关系 ,确立了滑坡整治方案的最佳加固角 ,为滑坡的综合防治提供了可靠依据  相似文献   

Macroseismic Magnitude Evaluation of Earthquakes of Calabria and Northeastern Sicily (Southern Italy)     

Domenica Termini  Antonio Teramo  Carla Bottari 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2005,162(4):715-727

A comparison of the most used magnitude-intensity relations is carried out, with reference to a spatial window coinciding with Calabria and northeastern Sicily, evaluating their consistency with different data sets taken from several catalogues. M values indicated in the catalogues and the corresponding average value have been used choosing the relation to be adopted on the basis of the level of their adaptability to points, rather than prearranged models.  相似文献